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Neochoerus pinckneyi, commonly called Pinckney's capybara, was a species of capybara. While capybaras originated in South America, formation of the Isthmus of Panama three million years ago allowed some of them to migrate north as part of the Great American Interchange. Capybaras and porcupines are the only Caviomorpha that reached temperate North America during this exchange (a much greater diversity of North American rodents invaded South America). At , 40% larger than the living capybara,Kurtén, Björn and Anderson, Elaine. 1980. Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, New York, p. 274. N. pinckneyi is one of the largest rodent species ever discovered, surpassed only by Josephoartigasia monesi, several species of Phoberomys, and possibly the Pleistocene Castoroides. Pleistocene Fauna of South Texas Remains have been found in southern North America, from Arizona to Florida to South Carolina, and throughout Central America.
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